Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and increased risk of myocardial infarction. Managing CAD is crucial in preventing heart attacks.
Myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack, is a medical emergency that arises when one of the coronary arteries becomes blocked, stopping the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle. This lack of blood flow can cause damage or death to the heart tissue if not treated promptly.
The most common cause of myocardial infarction is coronary artery disease (CAD), which is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Other causes may include severe spasms of a coronary artery and embolism.
Typical symptoms of a myocardial infarction include chest pain or discomfort, which may radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, and lightheadedness.
Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect heart muscle damage and blood tests to measure cardiac biomarkers. Imaging techniques like an echocardiogram or coronary angiography may also be used.
Treatment for myocardial infarction includes medications such as aspirin, thrombolytics, beta-blockers, and statins, as well as procedures like angioplasty and stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Prevention strategies include managing risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco are crucial.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and increased risk of myocardial infarction. Managing CAD is crucial in preventing heart attacks.