Bacterial infections occur when harmful bacteria invade the body, multiply, and trigger an immune response. These infections can range from mild to severe and can affect any part of the body, such as the skin, lungs, brain, or digestive tract.
Symptoms can vary depending on the type and location of the infection but often include fever, fatigue, and localized pain or inflammation. For instance, a skin infection might present with redness and swelling, while a respiratory infection could cause coughing and difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood tests or cultures. Treatment often involves antibiotics, which are specifically designed to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth. It's crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed to prevent resistance.
Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, vaccinations, and proper food handling. Staying up to date with recommended vaccines, like those against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, can reduce the risk of certain bacterial infections.
The immune system, composed of various cells and proteins, detects and eliminates harmful bacteria that cause infections. It produces antibodies that specifically target bacterial antigens, helping to neutralize the pathogens and prevent their spread.