Angioedema is a medical condition characterized by sudden swelling beneath the skin's surface. This swelling typically affects areas such as the face, throat, limbs, and genitals. Angioedema can be acute or chronic and is often associated with allergic reactions, but it can also occur due to other factors such as medication side effects.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are medications commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. While effective, they can cause side effects, including angioedema. This is believed to occur due to increased levels of bradykinin, a peptide that can cause blood vessels to dilate and tissues to swell.
ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema is a rare but serious side effect. It can occur shortly after starting the medication or even after long-term use. The swelling can be life-threatening if it affects the airways, leading to breathing difficulties.
The primary management strategy for ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema is to discontinue the medication. In severe cases, emergency medical treatment may be necessary, including administration of oxygen, epinephrine, or other medications to reduce swelling and support breathing.
Patients who experience angioedema due to ACE inhibitors are usually switched to alternative medications, such as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which have a lower risk of causing angioedema.
While it is not possible to predict who will develop angioedema from ACE inhibitors, healthcare providers should be vigilant, especially in patients with a history of angioedema or those who belong to higher-risk groups.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are effective medications for treating high blood pressure and heart failure. However, they can cause side effects, including angioedema. This condition involves swelling beneath the skin and can be life-threatening if it affects the airways. Discontinuing the ACE inhibitor and switching to other medications like ARBs is a common strategy to manage this risk.