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symptom
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Nausea is a symptom that frequently occurs before vomiting, serving as an initial warning sign of this reflex action.
condition
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Dehydration results from fluid and electrolyte loss, which can disturb normal physiological functions and induce vomiting.

Vomiting

gastroenterology nausea dehydration emesis
Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. It can occur due to a variety of causes, including infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and central nervous system conditions. Vomiting can lead to complications such as dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Overview of Vomiting

Vomiting, also known as emesis, is the reflexive act of ejecting gastric contents through the mouth. It is a complex physiological response coordinated by the central nervous system. Vomiting is often a protective mechanism against ingested toxins or infections, but it can also result from other stimuli such as motion or psychological factors.

Causes of Vomiting

Vomiting can result from a wide range of causes, including:

  • Gastrointestinal infections: such as those caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites.
  • Central nervous system disorders: including migraine, brain injuries, or increased intracranial pressure.
  • Metabolic disturbances: such as those seen in diabetic ketoacidosis or uremia.
  • Pregnancy: particularly in the first trimester, known as morning sickness.
  • Motion sickness: caused by conflicting sensory inputs from the inner ear and eye.

Complications of Vomiting

Repeated or severe vomiting can lead to several complications, including:

  • Dehydration: due to fluid loss.
  • Electrolyte imbalances: such as hypokalemia or hyponatremia.
  • Aspiration: risk of inhaling vomit into the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia.
  • Esophageal tears: such as Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
Context from Referenced By
Dehydration

When a person is dehydrated, their body's ability to maintain normal physiological functions is compromised. This can lead to increased susceptibility to vomiting, as the body may struggle to process and digest food properly, leading to further gastric distress and emesis.

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Electrolyte Imbalance
Vomiting results in the loss of stomach contents, which can cause a significant imbalance in the body’s electrolytes.
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Dehydration
Vomiting can result in excessive loss of fluids, which can lead to dehydration.
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Morning Sickness
Morning sickness is a common condition during pregnancy characterized by nausea and vomiting, typically occurring in the first trimester.
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Aspiration Pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia can occur when vomit is inhaled into the lungs, leading to infection.