Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to an excessive build-up of plaque around the artery wall. This process can lead to peripheral artery disease by reducing blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs, causing symptoms like claudication.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a condition characterized by the narrowing of arteries in the peripheral circulation, most commonly affecting the legs. This narrowing is usually due to atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits build up on the artery walls. As a result, blood flow to the extremities is reduced, which can lead to symptoms such as pain and cramping.
The primary cause of PAD is atherosclerosis. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and age. A family history of cardiovascular disease can also increase risk.
Many people with PAD have mild or no symptoms. However, some may experience claudication, which is pain or cramping in the legs or buttocks during physical activity. Other symptoms can include leg numbness or weakness, coldness in the lower leg or foot, sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs that heal slowly, and a weak pulse in the legs.
PAD is often diagnosed using the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), a simple test that compares the blood pressure in the ankle with the blood pressure in the arm. Other diagnostic methods include ultrasound, angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).
Treatment for PAD focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing progression. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet are essential. Medications may include cholesterol-lowering drugs, blood pressure medications, and drugs to prevent blood clots. In severe cases, surgical procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary.
Preventing PAD involves managing risk factors. This includes quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and controlling diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels.
Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to an excessive build-up of plaque around the artery wall. This process can lead to peripheral artery disease by reducing blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs, causing symptoms like claudication.