Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, is a condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the blood, which are then excreted in the urine. When the kidneys are damaged, they cannot perform these functions effectively, leading to a buildup of waste products in the body.
The most common causes of kidney disease include diabetes and high blood pressure. Other causes can include glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, and recurrent kidney infections.
In the early stages, kidney disease may present no symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms can include fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and high blood pressure.
Kidney disease is diagnosed through blood tests, urine tests, and imaging studies. Treatment focuses on controlling the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and slowing the progression of the disease. This may include medication, lifestyle changes, and in advanced cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a significant risk factor for kidney disease. It can cause damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste from the blood effectively. Managing blood pressure is an essential part of preventing kidney damage and slowing the progression of kidney disease.