An ischemic stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Brain cells begin to die in minutes, leading to potentially severe neurologic deficits. It is the most common type of stroke, accounting for about 87% of all cases.
The most common cause of an ischemic stroke is atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits build up in the arteries. This can lead to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) that blocks a cerebral artery or an embolus that travels to the brain from another part of the body, such as the heart.
Symptoms of ischemic stroke can vary widely depending on the affected part of the brain but often include sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, visual disturbances, dizziness, and loss of balance or coordination.
Prompt diagnosis is crucial and typically involves imaging tests such as a CT scan or MRI to determine the type of stroke. Treatment may include medications like tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to dissolve clots or endovascular procedures to remove the clot directly. Long-term management focuses on rehabilitation and prevention of future strokes through lifestyle changes and medications.
Stroke refers to the medical condition where blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced. There are two main types of strokes: ischemic and hemorrhagic. An ischemic stroke, which accounts for the majority of cases, occurs when a blood clot obstructs a vessel supplying blood to the brain. Understanding the mechanisms and risk factors common to both types of strokes is crucial in prevention and treatment.