Hypertension Overview

cardiology renal vascular nursing
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. It increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.

Definition

Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic ≥ 80 mmHg. It is categorized into primary (essential) and secondary types, with primary hypertension being the most common.

Risk Factors

  • Genetics and family history
  • High salt intake
  • Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
  • Chronic stress
  • Kidney disease or adrenal tumors

Complications

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Stroke
  • Retinopathy
  • Chronic kidney disease

Treatment

Includes lifestyle changes and pharmacologic therapy.

  • ACE inhibitors
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • Beta blockers (in selected patients)

Context from Related Topics
Ace Inhibitors

In the context of hypertension, ACE inhibitors are a primary pharmacologic treatment. By lowering angiotensin II levels, they reduce vasoconstriction and blood volume, making them especially useful in patients with comorbid conditions like diabetes or heart failure.

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Ace Inhibitors
ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat high blood pressure, helping to relax blood vessels.